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Kenya's Independence Constitution, by Robert M. Maxon, details the evolution of Kenya's constitution during the final stage of decolonization. Starting with the close of the first Lancaster House conference of 1960, Maxon illuminates the many influences that shaped Kenya's constitution-making. It concludes in 1963, coinciding with the end of empire, when political ethnicity dominated discourse. While the self-government constitution provided for majimbo, or federal constitution, the winning party in the 1963 elections changed the constitution such that federalism's life expectancy was brief.

Decolonization --- Sovereignty --- Autonomy and independence movements --- Colonization --- Postcolonialism --- History --- Kenya. --- Kenya --- Politics and government

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Cossacks --- Revolutionaries --- Atarshchikov, Semën, --- Caucasus, Northern (Russia) --- Caucasus, Northern (Russia) --- History --- Autonomy and independence movements. --- History

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Russia's attempt to consolidate its authority in the North Caucasus has exerted a terrible price on both sides since the mid-nineteenth century. Michael Khodarkovsky's book tells the story of a single man with multiple allegiances and provides a concise and compelling history of the mountainous region between the Black and Caspian seas. After forays beginning in the late 1500's, Russia tenuously conquered the peoples of the region in the 1850's; the campaign was defined by a cruelty on both sides that established a pattern repeated in our own time, particularly in Chechnya. At the center of Khodarkovsky's sweeping account is Semen Atarshchikov (1807-1845). His father was a Chechen translator in the Russian army, and Atarshchikov grew up with roots in both Russian and Chechen cultures. His facility with local languages earned him quick promotion in the Russian army. Atarshchikov enjoyed the confidence of his superiors, yet he saw the violence that the Russians inflicted on the native population and was torn between his duties as a Russian officer and his affinity with the highlanders. Twice he deserted the army to join the highlanders in raids against his former colleagues. In the end he was betrayed by a compatriot who sought to gain favor with the Russians by killing the infamous Atarshchikov. Khodarkovsky places Atarshchikov's life in a rich context: we learn a great deal about the region's geography, its peoples, their history, and their conflicts with both the Russians and one another. Khodarkovsky reveals disputes among the Russian commanders and the policies they advocated; some argued for humane approaches but always lost out to those who preferred more violent means. Like Hadji Murat-the hero of Tolstoy's last great work-Atarshchikov moved back and forth between Russian and local allegiances; his biography is the story of the North Caucasus, one as relevant today as in the nineteenth century.

Cossacks --- Atarshchikov, Semën, --- Caucasus, Northern (Russia) --- History --- Autonomy and independence movements.

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Kashmir is one of the most protracted and bloody occupations in the world -- and one of the most ignored. Under an Indian military rule that, at half a million strong, exceeds the total number of US forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, freedom of speech is non-existent, and human-rights abuses and atrocities are routinely visited on its Muslim-majority population. In the last two decades alone, over seventy thousand people have died. Ignored by its own corrupt politicians, abandoned by Pakistan and the West, which refuses to bring pressure to bear on its regional ally, India, the Kashmiri peopleʹs ongoing quest for justice and self-determination continues to be brutally suppressed. Exploring the causes and consequences of the occupation, Kashmir: The Case for Freedom is a passionate call for the end of occupation, and for the right of self- determination for the Kashmiri people. -- Publisher description.

Ethnic conflict --- Insurgency --- Jammu and Kashmir (India) --- Ethnic relations. --- History --- Autonomy and independence movements. --- Polemology --- China --- Kashmir --- India --- Pakistan

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After the First World War, Britain faced a number of challenges as it sought to adapt to domestic conditions of mass democracy whilst maintaining its position in the empire in the face of national independence movements. As politicians at home and abroad sought to legitimise their position, new efforts were made to conceptualise nationality and citizenship, with attempts to engage the public using mass media and greater emphasis on governing in the public interest. Brave New World reappraises the domestic and imperial history of Britain in the inter-war period, investigating how ‘nation building’ was given renewed impetus by the upheavals of the First World War. The essays in this collection address how new technologies and approaches to governance were used to forge new national identities both at home and in the empire, covering a wide range of issues from the representation of empire on film to the convergence of politics and ‘star culture’.

Nationalism --- Great Britain --- History --- Consciousness, National --- Identity, National --- National consciousness --- National identity --- International relations --- Patriotism --- Political science --- Autonomy and independence movements --- Internationalism --- Political messianism --- History.